Tebeence p



T. P. MAHON.

Bake Oven.

No. 102,415. Patented April 26, T870.

N. PETERS. Pnowmnagmpnr. wmmgven. n.0.

Ntra Srrns ArENT OFFICE.

y TERRENOE P. MAHON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

BAKERS OVEN.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 102,415, dated April 26, 1870.

To all whom it may conce/ra:

Be it known that I, TERRENOE P. MAHON, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bake-Ovens; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the saine, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which- Figure l is a front elevation of my said irnproved oven; Fig. 2, a top view thereof; Fig. 3, a horizontal section at A B 5 Fig. 4,a horizontal section at C D, and Fig. 5 a vertical section at E F of Fig. l.

My invention consists of a novel construction of bake-ovens; in a novel arrangement of the flues and furnace in combination therewith; in a novel arrangement and adjustment of the furnace-grate in combination with said oven, and also in combining with a bake-oven a water-boiler arranged to throw a jet of steam or water vapor in said oven during the process of baking.

To enable others skilled in the art to which my invention appertains to make and use the saine, I will proceed to describe the construction and operation ofthe various parts thereof.

Similar letters of reference represent corresponding parts of the different figures of the said drawings, making part of this specification.

I construct my oven as follows-that is to say: After the construction of a suitable foundation, I proceed and build the outside wall of brick as high as the under side of the ovenbottom, leaving the openingAfor the ash-pit, the recess B to receive coal or wood, and the opening C for the ash-pit under the waterboiler, in the manner shown in Fig. l. I then proceed to form the bottom ofthe oven. This I do by carrying a line of brick-work-that is, the counter-sole-of suitable thickness, over the entire space inclosed by the outside walls, as shown by D, Fig. 5, leaving, however, a suitable opening for the furnace, as shown by c, Fig. 4. I then cover this line of brick-work D (the counter-sole) with a layer of sand, as shown by E. This layer of sand I make from three to four inches thick, and in it I- bed the fire-brick or tile F, forming the bottom or top sole of the oven. While thus constructing the bottom of the oven I set the bed plate or frame of the grate G. This grate-frame consists of a cast-iron plate, the outside of which may be made circular or rectangular, as the case may require, but the inside must be made circular or ofthe form of the grate, and large enough to allow the grate to dump freely, and to work without danger of bein gjammed by the coal or cinders ofthe tire. To save this grateplate from leaning out, and to insure the more perfect operation ofthe grate, I cast on the upper side of the plate two projections. (Shown by a a, Fig. 4.) In thesel projections a suitable bearing is formed to vreceive the pivots b b, cast on the periphery of the grate, and on which it is supported in the frame. Now, to work this grate, there is a lever, d, applied to one of the pivots or to the lower side of the grate itself, and to this lever there is a chain, e, attached, leading forward to the outside of the furnace or ashpit door, so as to bring the out end within convenient reach of the baker or attendant. By means of this lever and chain the grate can be dumped and raised at pleasure, and by means of a lock-rod, f, the said gra-te is held in position when raised up to the position shown in the drawings-that is, to the position it occupies when the furnace is charged with fire. This lock-'rod is made substantially as shown in the drawings. It is supported in suitable bearing, and reaches forward in the mouth of the ash-pit or furnace, so as to be within easy reach of the attendant. In constructing the walls for the lower part of the oven, as aforesaid, I also form the furnace and set the grate therein for the water-boiler H, which is made substantially in the form shown in the drawings. Itis provided with a cover, which, when closed, is made to form a steam-tightjoint on the top of the boiler against a nominal pressure, which is all it is usually intended to carry in the boiler. The cover of this boiler is also fitted with a pipe, g, leading directly in the oven, and which pipe is fitted with a cock by which the flow of steam to the oven can be regulated or excluded altogether.

In the top of the niche or cove I, over the boiler, there is a flue or hole,]L, made, leading to the flue of the furnace under it. The object of this nue is to carry oft the vapor or steam escaping from the boiler in case-of leak or when the steam is shut out of the oven. The

boiler-cover, in fact, should be fitted with a pipe provided with a cock by which the Waste steam could be conducted to the due in the top of the cove I. After having thus constructed the bottom of my oven andset the grates and appurtenances, as aforesaid, I proceed to form the oven itself and the flues by which the heat is regulated. To do this I carry up the inside wall of the oven with tire-brick to the desired height, and then turn the cover with a irebrick lining, substantially in the ordinary form, as shown by J but before turning the cover, as aforesaid, I make a tluejmthe side wall of the oven opposite the heating-furnace, as shown by K. This line is carried from the oven directly up to theghorizontal tlue,L, leading to the chimney, where it is titted with a sliding damper, K', which is operated by means of a rod leading to the front of the oven, where it terminates with a handle in the manner shown. Now, when the fire is started to heat the oven the damper K is opened, so that the whole product of combustion is diffused in the oven, the smoke passing up said ue K to flue L, and thence through flue N to the chimney; but after the oven has been heated the damper 'K' is closed and the damper Ol` opened, by which the draft, instead of being from the ash-pit up through the grate'bars into the oven, is down from the oven into the ash-pit, from which there is a flue, O, leading directly up to the horizontal flue N to the chimney, the ash-pit being fitted with a door, which is now shut, and the cock in the steam-pipe being opened, by which the steam and gas are drawn out of the oven into the chimney. The object of throwing steam into the oven and drawing it out over the bread in the manner described is to equalize the heat in the oven and carry oft` a portion of the caloric, to keep the bread from burning or forming a thick crust before it is baked through. Bread baked inthis way will have a light-brown crust, will be thoroughly baked through without burning, and will retain its moisture longer than breadbaked in a dry oven, and will, moreover, have a purer and sweeter taste.

Thefsmoke-fluellleadin g `from the furnace under the water-boiler is shown by I. It rises directly from the back part of the furnace into the' horizontal nue, M, where it is fitted with a damper, P', whereby the draft of the furnace is regulated. The horizontal iiues above referred to are formed over the top of the oven -cover and next to the outside walls. They run along the two sides and back of the oven, and about two-thirds of the way along the front thereof, soithat all the smoke, gas, and vapor from the furnace and oven tlow into what may be styled one common tlue, the dues L and M being separated by a partition put in the main flue. By this arrangement of tlues the top of the oven is heated by the escaping smoke, gas, and heat from the furnace, which would otherwise be wasted.

The chimney N, Fig. 2, may be located either on the opposite corner back or at the opposite corner frontin case it should be desirable to thoroughly abstract and utilize the heat from the escaping gases.

The object of carrying this ue along a portion of the front of the oven, as shown by Q, is to obtain an escape for the heat, gas, and steam from the oven to the chimney when the oven-door is opened. This is accomplished by means of a iiue, Q, Fig. 4, made in the top of the cove outside of the oven-door, leading directly togfrthe horizontal flue iQ, Fig. 3, into the main ue N. This ilue Q'is also covered with a damper, It, which is attached, by means of connectinglods, as shown,,to the handle S in front-of the oven, so as to bring it within easy reach ofthe attendant. By these means the escape of steam, gas, andgjheat into the bake-shop is prevented, and a ready means is aiforded of Ventilating the shop.

To clean the horizontal iiues L, lVI, and N, I make doorsLT T y ,in thejfrontj-jvall of the oven directly opposite the iiues; and if need be I make a similar door, in the side wall'of the oven opposite the end of the back due, N. By these means I am enabled to sweep the dues without difficulty.

The door of the oven is shown in thefdrawings by U. This door is made with a sliding damper, as shown by fr, to enable the baker to watch the baking, and, to a certain extent, regulate the heat in the oven by theintroduction of a current of fresh air.

To provide the baker with a convenient place for his peals and other tools, I fix in the front wall ofthe oven, near the top thereof, a peal-bar-that is, a staple'bar-rog upon which one cud of the bakers tools are supported,`

the other end being supported in a similar bar fixed in any suitable place overhead, within convenient reach of the baker.

After the oven has been constructed as aforesaid, the recess over the oyen-cover bctween the tlues is covered with sand, as shown in Fig. 5. The whole top of the oven is then covered with brick or nagging, laid in cement, or is otherwise covered in such manner as to protect the oven from water.

To insure a circulation of the steam and air in the oven, I propose, in case I find it desirable, to introduce an air-pipe from the front of the oven at one side ofthe boiler and carry it in on the bottom of the oven along one side and the back thereof, perforating it, and connecting it to the vapor or steam pipe, by which a portion of fresh air can be introduced along with the steam in the oven, the airpipe being iitted with a valve in the front oi' the oven, so that the amount of air necessary to insure the circulation can be exactly regulated.

Having now described the construction and operation of my improved oven, I claim as new herein and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. The water-boilcr H, in combination with the oven, when the said water-boiler and oven are constructed and arranged in relation to each other substantially as described, for the 3. The dues K, L, M, N, O, P, and Q, arranged purpose specified. in relation to the oven and fittedwith dempers,

2. The grate G, arranged in the floor of the substantially as described, for the purpose oven, as described, on pivots b, supported in specilied.

projection a, above the bed-plate, an d operated TERRENCE P. MAHON. by means of the chain e, and locked bythe rod Witnesses: f, the whole being arranged in relation to each AMOS BROADNAX,

other in the manner substantially as described. WILLIAM BROADNAX. 

